Donald KEENE
Donald Keene was born in New York in 1922. He graduated from Columbia University in 1942 and immediately entered the Navy Japanese Language School. He served as a translator and interpreter during World War II. Afterwards, he obtained a doctoral degree from Columbia. He first taught at Cambridge University in 1948–53. He spent 1953–55 at Kyoto University, then became a professor at Columbia in 1955. Since then, he has published over 50 books related to Japan’s literature and culture in Japanese and English. He received Japan’s Order of Culture in 2008.
SHIBA Ryotaro
Shiba Ryotaro was born in Osaka in 1923, and graduated from the Mongolian department at the Osaka Foreign Language School. In 1960, while working as a newspaper reporter, he received the Naoki Prize for his first novel Fukurō no shiro (Castle of Owls), after which he became a full-time novelist. He has received many other awards, including the Japan Art Academy’s Imperial Award, for his many historical works such as Kūkai no fūkei (Kūkai the Universal: Scenes from His Life). He received the Order of Culture in 1993. Other main works include Ryōma ga yuku (Ryōma Goes His Way), Kaidō o yuku (On the Highway), Kono kuni no katachi (The Form of Our Country), and Saka no ue no kumo (Clouds above the Hill: A Historical Novel of the Russo-Japanese War). He died in February 1996
*information as of time of publication